(Vietnamese_(Ho_Chi_Minh_City)_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Vietnamese (Ho Chi Minh City) MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Vietnamese (Ho Chi Minh City) MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Vietnamese (Ho Chi Minh City) MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Vietnamese;MFA;IPA
:language: "Vietnamese"
:dialect: Ho Chi Minh City
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/ho_chi_minh_city_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`vietnamese_(ho_chi_minh_city)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/ho_chi_minh_city_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 654
        * Examples
          * dậm: [j ə˨˩˨ m]
          * mường: [m ɨː˨˩ ŋ]
          * vòm: [v ɔː˨˩ m]
          * ngấm: [ŋ ə˦˥ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 416
        * Examples
          * hạnh: [h a˨˩˨ n]
          * nướng: [n ɨː˦˥ ŋ]
          * nãy: [n a˨˩˦ j]
          * nảy: [n a˨˩˦ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 185
        * Examples
          * nhập: [ɲ ə˨˩˨ p]
          * nhat: [ɲ aː˨˨ k]
          * nhây: [ɲ ə˨˨ j]
          * nhạt: [ɲ aː˨˩˨ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 1145
        * Examples
          * khiến: [x iː˦˥ ŋ]
          * cắn: [k a˦˥ ŋ]
          * trân: [ʈ ə˨˨ ŋ]
          * mường: [m ɨː˨˩ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 197
        * Examples
          * nhập: [ɲ ə˨˩˨ p]
          * bếp: [ɓ eː˦˥ p]
          * chạp: [c aː˨˩˨ p]
          * sếp: [s eː˦˥ p]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 415
        * Examples
          * rích: [r ɨ˦˥ t]
          * tồn: [t o˨˩ ŋ]
          * tẩy: [t ə˨˩˦ j]
          * tung: [t u˨˨ ŋm]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈ
        * Occurrences: 159
        * Examples
          * trân: [ʈ ə˨˨ ŋ]
          * trào: [ʈ aː˨˩ w]
          * trộn: [ʈ o˨˩˨ ŋ]
          * trọi: [ʈ ɔː˨˩˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 233
        * Examples
          * chạp: [c aː˨˩˨ p]
          * chen: [c ɛː˨˨ ŋ]
          * chạm: [c aː˨˩˨ m]
          * chớm: [c əː˦˥ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 765
        * Examples
          * cắn: [k a˦˥ ŋ]
          * cậy: [k ə˨˩˨ j]
          * phát: [f aː˦˥ k]
          * khẹc: [x ɛː˨˩˨ k]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 132
        * Examples
          * gót: [ɡ ɔː˦˥ k]
          * gợi: [ɡ əː˨˩˨ j]
          * ghềnh: [ɡ əː˨˩ n]
          * gài: [ɡ aː˨˩ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 189
        * Examples
          * ướt: [ʔ ɨː˦˥ k]
          * ịch: [ʔ ɨ˨˩˨ t]
          * ưng: [ʔ ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
          * ễnh: [ʔ əː˨˩˦ n]
    ```
* - {submanner}`Implosive`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɓ
        * Occurrences: 266
        * Examples
          * bới: [ɓ əː˦˥ j]
          * bứt: [ɓ ɨ˦˥ k]
          * bếp: [ɓ eː˦˥ p]
          * búi: [ɓ u˦˥ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɗ
        * Occurrences: 252
        * Examples
          * đao: [ɗ aː˨˨ w]
          * đia: [ɗ iə˨˨]
          * đằng: [ɗ a˨˩ ŋ]
          * đảm: [ɗ aː˨˩˦ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 337
        * Examples
          * sủi: [s u˨˩˦ j]
          * xài: [s aː˨˩ j]
          * sếp: [s eː˦˥ p]
          * xoang: [s w aː˨˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 121
        * Examples
          * phát: [f aː˦˥ k]
          * phô: [f oː˨˨]
          * phụ: [f u˨˩˨]
          * phoi: [f ɔː˨˨ j]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 188
        * Examples
          * vôi: [v oː˨˨ j]
          * vọng: [v ɔ˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * váng: [v aː˦˥ ŋ]
          * vòm: [v ɔː˨˩ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 256
        * Examples
          * hạnh: [h a˨˩˨ n]
          * hờn: [h əː˨˩ ŋ]
          * hốt: [h o˦˥ k]
          * hâm: [h ə˨˨ m]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 779
        * Examples
          * trào: [ʈ aː˨˩ w]
          * thuỷ: [tʰ w i˨˩˦]
          * dậu: [j ə˨˩˨ w]
          * thỉu: [tʰ i˨˩˦ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 898
        * Examples
          * dậm: [j ə˨˩˨ m]
          * bới: [ɓ əː˦˥ j]
          * cậy: [k ə˨˩˨ j]
          * sủi: [s u˨˩˦ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Trill`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * r
        * Occurrences: 205
        * Examples
          * rùng: [r u˨˩ ŋm]
          * rích: [r ɨ˦˥ t]
          * rưng: [r ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
          * rủa: [r uə˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 290
        * Examples
          * lạt: [l aː˨˩˨ k]
          * luộc: [l uː˨˩˨ k]
          * loạt: [l w aː˨˩˨ k]
          * lợi: [l əː˨˩˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 221
        * Examples
          * niu: [n i˨˨ w]
          * thi: [tʰ i˨˨]
          * tuý: [t w i˦˥]
          * trị: [ʈ i˨˩˨]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 278
        * Examples
          * nhiễu: [ɲ iː˨˩˦ w]
          * tiền: [t iː˨˩ ŋ]
          * tiên: [t iː˨˨ ŋ]
          * viễn: [v iː˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 378
        * Examples
          * hữu: [h ɨ˨˩˦ w]
          * ngực: [ŋ ɨ˨˩˨ k]
          * tít: [t ɨ˦˥ t]
          * bịch: [ɓ ɨ˨˩˨ t]
      * ɨː
        * Occurrences: 156
        * Examples
          * người: [ŋ ɨː˨˩ j]
          * cưỡng: [k ɨː˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * xưởng: [s ɨː˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * dưỡng: [j ɨː˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 331
        * Examples
          * mùn: [m u˨˩ ŋm]
          * thủy: [tʰ u˨˩˦ j]
          * bút: [ɓ u˦˥ kp]
          * búi: [ɓ u˦˥ j]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 96
        * Examples
          * buổi: [ɓ uː˨˩˦ j]
          * uốn: [ʔ uː˦˥ ŋ]
          * tuốt: [t uː˦˥ k]
          * nuôi: [n uː˨˨ j]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 127
        * Examples
          * sếp: [s eː˦˥ p]
          * rêu: [r eː˨˨ w]
          * phễu: [f eː˨˩˦ w]
          * thề: [tʰ eː˨˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 76
        * Examples
          * tồn: [t o˨˩ ŋ]
          * bổn: [ɓ o˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * nhộn: [ɲ o˨˩˨ ŋ]
          * trộn: [ʈ o˨˩˨ ŋ]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 191
        * Examples
          * chỗ: [c oː˨˩˦]
          * tôm: [t oː˨˨ m]
          * dội: [j oː˨˩˨ j]
          * nhố: [ɲ oː˦˥]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 428
        * Examples
          * dậu: [j ə˨˩˨ w]
          * cậy: [k ə˨˩˨ j]
          * thầu: [tʰ ə˨˩ w]
          * giấy: [j ə˦˥ j]
      * əː
        * Occurrences: 337
        * Examples
          * kênh: [k əː˨˨ n]
          * vểnh: [v əː˨˩˦ n]
          * rởm: [r əː˨˩˦ m]
          * lợi: [l əː˨˩˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 307
        * Examples
          * chen: [c ɛː˨˨ ŋ]
          * ghen: [ɡ ɛː˨˨ ŋ]
          * trẹo: [ʈ ɛː˨˩˨ w]
          * khẹc: [x ɛː˨˩˨ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 212
        * Examples
          * tóc: [t ɔ˦˥ kp]
          * nhỏng: [ɲ ɔ˨˩˦ ŋm]
          * dóc: [j ɔ˦˥ kp]
          * tròng: [ʈ ɔ˨˩ ŋm]
      * ɔː
        * Occurrences: 271
        * Examples
          * noi: [n ɔː˨˨ j]
          * đòm: [ɗ ɔː˨˩ m]
          * phoi: [f ɔː˨˨ j]
          * tỏm: [t ɔː˨˩˦ m]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 481
        * Examples
          * cáy: [k a˦˥ j]
          * ngành: [ŋ a˨˩ n]
          * mau: [m a˨˨ w]
          * nặng: [n a˨˩˨ ŋ]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 783
        * Examples
          * ngạc: [ŋ aː˨˩˨ k]
          * xài: [s aː˨˩ j]
          * dái: [j aː˦˥ j]
          * nhác: [ɲ aː˦˥ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`iə`
* {ipa_inline}`uə`
* {ipa_inline}`ɨə`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˦˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˨`